An aneurysm is an outward bulging of a thinned arterial wall with a > 50 % increase in diameter compared to the normal size of the unaffected vessel.

Atherosclerosis of aortic arch branches and cervical arteries is a pathological condition when an atherosclerotic plaque forms in the arterial lumen.

Varicose Veins of Lower Limbs, Thrombophlebitis, Phlebothrombosis.

This pathology model shows a type I aberrant right subclavian artery combined with a rare anatomical variation of aortic arch branching pattern known as a bicarotid trunk

Pathological Tortuosity of Common Carotid Artery, Pathological Tortuosity of Vertebral Artery

Carotid body paraganglioma (CBP), also known as chemodectoma, is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the neck that originates from the paraganglionic cells of the carotid body. In the vast majority of cases, it is a benign neoplasm

Aortic dissection is an acute condition in which the innermost layer of the aorta (intima) ruptures, allowing blood to enter the middle layer (media) and form a false lumen.

Aortic aneurysms cause localized dilation of the vessel’s lumen with a > 50 % increase in diameter compared to its normal size.